HISTORY AND MODERN TRENDS OF MASKANDI MUSIC IN SOUTH AFRICA
History/Origin of Maskandi:
Maskandi is a genre of music that originated in the rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. The term “Maskandi” is derived from the Zulu word “isikhanda,” which means “beaded hat,” a type of headwear traditionally worn by Zulu men. The music has its roots in the traditional Zulu songs and dances. It was originally performed by solo male artists who played the guitar, sang, and sometimes danced.
Maskandi music emerged in the late 19th century when South Africa was under British rule. At that time, the Zulus were forced to migrate from their traditional homelands to the rural areas of Natal. This migration disrupted their traditional way of life, and they sought to retain their cultural identity through music. The traditional songs of the Zulus were adapted to the guitar, an instrument that was introduced to South Africa by missionaries and traders.
In the 1950s and 1960s, Maskandi music became increasingly popular in the rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal. The music was often performed at traditional ceremonies, such as weddings and funerals, and it became an important part of Zulu culture. In the 1970s and 1980s, Maskandi music became more popular in urban areas, and many Maskandi artists began to record and release their music. In the 1990s, Maskandi music became popular in South Africa as a whole, and it began to be featured on radio and television. This was largely due to the rise of Ladysmith Black Mambazo, a Maskandi group that achieved international fame and success.
Today, Maskandi music continues to be an important part of South African culture. The music has evolved over the years, incorporating elements of hip-hop, reggae, and other styles.
Instruments:
Maskandi music is traditionally performed on the guitar, but over the years other instruments have been added to the mix. Here are some of the instruments commonly used in Maskandi music:
– Guitar: The guitar is the backbone of Maskandi music, and it is often played in a fingerpicking style. The guitar is sometimes embellished with a metal disc known as an “idiwidi,” which is attached to the guitar’s bridge and produces a buzzing sound.
– Ubuyisa: The ubuyisa is a type of Zulu drum that is played with the hands.
– Umdlalo: The umdlalo is a type of flute made from a piece of wood or bone. It is often played along with the guitar in Maskandi music.
– Uhadi: The uhadi is a one-stringed bowed instrument made from a calabash and a long stick. It is traditionally played by women and is sometimes referred to as the “Zulu violin.”
Some other instruments used in Maskandi Music includes Keyboard, Concertina, Violin, Drums and lots more.
EVOLUTION OF MASKANDI MUSIC:
Maskandi has evolved over the years, incorporating elements of other musical styles and responding to social and political changes in South Africa. Here are some key points in its evolution:
– Early Maskandi: In the early years, Maskandi music was primarily performed by solo artists and was deeply rooted in Zulu culture.
– Urban Maskandi: In the 1970s and 1980s, Maskandi music began to be performed in urban areas, and it started to incorporate elements of jazz, mbaqanga, and other styles.
– Contemporary Maskandi: In the 1990s, Maskandi music became more popular throughout South Africa, and many artists began to experiment with new sounds and styles. Some Maskandi artists started to incorporate elements of hip-hop and reggae, while others began to use electronic instruments.
– Maskandi 2.0: In recent years, a new generation of Maskandi artists has emerged, blending traditional Maskandi music with contemporary styles like trap, drill, and Amapiano.
SOME FAMOUS ANCIENT MASKANDI SINGERS:
– Phuzekhemisi: Phuzekhemisi, whose real name is Bhekuyise Luthuli, is one of the most influential Maskandi artists of all time. He started recording in the 1980s and is known for his hit songs like “Uthando lwami” and “Amahlaya.”
– Ihashi Elimhlophe: Ihashi Elimhlophe was a Maskandi group formed in 1984.
– Shiyani Ngcobo: Shiyani Ngcobo was a prolific Maskandi artist who recorded over 40 albums in his lifetime. He was known for his powerful voice and his traditional style of playing the guitar.
– Madala Kunene: Madala Kunene is a guitarist and singer who started performing in the 1970s. He is known for his unique style, which incorporates elements of jazz and blues.
CONTEMPORARY MASKANDI SINGERS:
– Khuzani Mpungose, also known as “Igqumeni,” is a popular Maskandi artist from Eshowe, KwaZulu-Natal. He is known for his hit songs like “Baba Uyakhuluma,” “Uthando Lwami,” and “Ngamnank’ Izulu.” Khuzani has won several awards, including Best Maskandi Album at the South African Music Awards 2023. He has also collaborated with other artists, like Big Zulu and Shwi Nomtekhala. Khuzani started singing Maskandi music in his early teens, and he was inspired by traditional Zulu songs and storytelling. His music often tackles social issues like HIV/AIDS, poverty, and domestic violence. He uses his platform to raise awareness about these issues and to encourage people to seek help. Khuzani is also known for his energetic and captivating live performances. He often performs at festivals and traditional gatherings, and his shows are known for their high energy and strong connection with the audience.
– Igcokama Elisha: Igcokama Elisha also known as Mthandeni SK is another popular Maskandi artist in South Africa. He is known for his hit songs like “Uyinkosi Yamakhosi,” “Thango Thango,” and “Paris”. His recent song titled “Paris” has pushed him to the limelight in the maskandi music scene. He featured Lwah Ndlunkulu in the song. Mthandeni SK’s style of music combines traditional Maskandi with contemporary hip-hop and kwaito. He has won several awards, including Best Maskandi Album at the South African Music Awards in 2020. His unique style has made him popular with both young and old fans of Maskandi music.
– Gatsheni: He’s an amazing Maskandi artist with a powerful voice and captivating lyrics. His music is often quite soulful and moving. His hit songs like “Izwile Langa” and “Ubani Ngozi” are really powerful and inspiring. Gatsheni is known for his humility and his passion for music. He’s connected to his roots, and he has always stayed true to the traditional style of Maskandi music. He’s known for being quite open about his struggles with poverty and addiction, which has made him relatable to many fans. Gatsheni started singing Maskandi music as a young child, and he would often perform at local events and gatherings. It’s amazing to see how far he’s come, and how he has remained so grounded despite his success. Gatsheni’s recent hit song titled “Hit After Hit” has brought him to the limelight. He recently won the best newcomer at CCIA 2024 and also was the winner of the inaugural phase Mother of Maskandi Festival 2024.
– Inkosi Yamagcokama: He is a force to be reckoned with in the world of Maskandi. His music is powerful and soulful, and it captures the essence of Zulu culture and tradition. He has a very distinctive voice, which has made him popular with fans across South Africa. Inkosi Yamagcokama was originally a herd boy before he became a musician. It’s really interesting to see how he was able to translate his experiences in the countryside into his music. Inkosi Yamagcokama was born in a rural village in KwaZulu-Natal, and he started herding cattle as a young boy. He would often sing traditional Zulu songs while herding, and it was this experience that inspired him to become a Maskandi artist. He didn’t have any formal music training, but his talent and passion for music were so strong that he was able to turn it into a successful career.
Other Comporary Maskandi musicians who are doing well in the industry include; Limit Nala, Mzukulu, Jaiva Zimnike, Luve Dubazane, Mlabalaba, Ntancane, Dumakahle, Mafikizolo, Dr Khangeli, Jumbo, and lots more.
WHY MASKANDI IS SUNG MOSTLY IN THE NATIVE ZULU LANGUAGE:
* Origin: Maskandi music originated in KwaZulu-Natal and it is still most popular in that region, but the music has spread to other parts of South Africa and beyond. For example, there are now Maskandi artists and fans in Gauteng, the Western Cape, and even in other countries like Swaziland and Mozambique. However, KwaZulu-Natal remains the heart of Maskandi music, and it is the place where many of the most popular artists and bands are based. The region’s strong cultural identity and history make it the ideal place for Maskandi music to thrive.
* Language and Identity: Maskandi music is deeply rooted in the Zulu culture, and the language is an important part of that identity. The use of Zulu in Maskandi songs connects the music to the history and traditions of the Zulu people, and it helps to preserve those traditions for future generations.
* Meaning and Emotion: Zulu is the language of the heart for many people in KwaZulu-Natal, and it is often used to convey deep emotions and stories.
* Rhyme and Rhythm: Zulu is a tonal language, which means that the meaning of words can change based on the pitch of the voice. This allows for a wide range of rhymes and rhythms that can’t be achieved with English.
* Cultural Relevance: Many Maskandi songs are about the daily lives and experiences of Zulu people. They often address topics like love, farming, and traditional ceremonies.
FUTURE OF MASKANDI:
In the next few years, we can expect to see Maskandi music continue to grow and evolve in a few key ways:
* Fusion with other genres: Maskandi artists are already starting to experiment with blending their traditional style with other genres like hip-hop, reggae, and kwaito. This fusion could result in some exciting new sounds and styles.
* Global Reach: With the growth of streaming platforms and social media, Maskandi music is becoming more accessible to a global audience. I think we’ll see more Maskandi artists collaborating with international artists and performing in other countries.
MASKANDI VS AMAPIANO:
Maskandi and Amapiano are very different styles of music with different target audiences, so it’s unlikely that Maskandi will directly challenge Amapiano in the South African music scene. Amapiano has a younger and more urban audience, and it’s more focused on dance and party culture. Maskandi, on the other hand, has a more traditional and rural audience, and it’s often more focused on storytelling and social issues. However, that doesn’t mean that Maskandi won’t continue to be a major player in the South African music scene.
SIGNIFICANCE AND BEAUTY OF MASKANDI MUSIC IN SOUTH AFRICAN CULTURE:
Maskandi music is a treasure trove of significance and beauty for South African culture. Here are some of the importance of maskandi music in SA tradition and culture:
* Roots and Identity: Maskandi music is deeply rooted in the history and culture of the Zulu people. It’s an expression of their identity, values, and traditions. It connects people to their roots and keeps these traditions alive.
* Emotional Expression: Maskandi music is renowned for its emotional depth. The lyrics often reflect the joys, struggles, and aspirations of Zulu people.
* Social Commentary: Maskandi music is often used as a platform for social commentary, addressing issues like poverty, inequality, and politics. It gives voice to the people and promotes dialogue.
* Unity and Community: Maskandi performances are more than just concerts; they are community gatherings that celebrate Zulu culture and foster unity among people. They create a sense of belonging and camaraderie.
* Cultural Preservation: As more and more young people embrace Western culture, Maskandi music remains a powerful force in preserving Zulu traditions and heritage.
CONCLUSION:
Maskandi music has significantly upheld the South African and Zulu Cultures through its storytelling and maintenance of the Zulu language. A Call to Action: You are encouraged to listen to Maskandi music, attend live performances, or learn more about Zulu culture.
